Secure Polyglot Code Execution: How to Run Untrusted Code Safely

Running user code in production systems is dangerous by default. Whether you're building: an online judge an AI agent runtime a code playground a workflow automation engine or a CI runner you eventually face the same question: How do you execute untrusted code safely? This post explains the architecture behind a secure polyglot code execution system designed for running multiple programming languages inside isolated sandboxes. What Is Secure Code Execution? Secure code execution means: Running arbitrary user-provided code without allowing it to escape, abuse resources, or affect the host system. This requires combining multiple isolation and control layers: container sandboxing syscall filtering resource limits network restrictions execution quotas validation No single mechanism is enough. Security comes from composition. Polyglot Code Execution Architecture A production-grade multi-language code executor typically follows this pipeline: Copiar código Request → authentication → rate li