Matrices in Python

To solve compute problems we use different type of data structures like array , maps, etc. One such data structure is matrices or 2D arrays. Matrices act as foundation for other data structure like graphs . Define matrices in python matrix = [ [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] ] Define a 3x3 matrix in python, row(R) equals 3 and column(C) equals 3 matrix_3x3 = [[ 0 ] * 3 for in range ( 3 )] There are popular problems in matrices: Transpose a matrix: def calculate_transpose_of_matrix ( mat : list [ list ]) -> list [ list ]: N = len ( mat ) for i in range ( N ): for j in range ( i + 1 , N ): mat [ i ][ j ], mat [ j ][ i ] = mat [ j ][ i ], mat [ i ][ j ] return mat Print matrix in spiral pattern: def print_matrix_in_spiral ( mat : list [ list ]) -> list [ list ]: R = len ( mat ) C = len ( mat [ 0 ]) top = 0 left = 0 bottom = R - 1 right = C - 1 while top <= bottom and left <= right : for i in range ( left , ( right + 1 )): print ( mat [ top ][ i ], end = " " ) top += 1 for i in