Exception Handling in Java – Complete Guide for Beginners

Exception handling Exception handling is one of the most important concepts in Java. It helps developers manage runtime errors gracefully without crashing the program. What is an Exception? An exception is an unexpected event that occurs during program execution and disrupts the normal flow. Example: int a = 10 ; int b = 0 ; int result = a / b ; // ArithmeticException Why Exception Handling? Without exception handling: Program will terminate abruptly User experience becomes poor With exception handling: Program continues execution Errors can be handled properly Types of Exceptions in Java 1. Checked Exceptions Checked at compile-time Must be handled using try-catch or declared using throws Examples: IOException SQLException 2. Unchecked Exceptions Occur at runtime Not mandatory to handle Examples: ArithmeticException NullPointerException ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException Exception Handling Keywords 1. try Wrap the code that may cause an exception. 2. catch Handles the exception. 3. finall