🌌 Beginner-Friendly Guide 'Binary Gap' - Problem 868 (C++, Python, JavaScript)

Ever wondered how computers "see" the distance between data points at the most fundamental level? This problem challenges us to look under the hood of a decimal integer and measure the gaps between its active bits. Problem Summary You're given: A positive integer . Your goal: Find the longest distance between any two adjacent 1s in the binary representation of . If no such pair exists, return 0. Intuition To solve this, we need to traverse the binary form of the number from right to left. Imagine you are walking along a string of 0s and 1s. Every time you hit a 1, you want to know how many steps you have taken since the last 1 you saw. The logic follows these steps: We keep track of a distance counter . We initialize with a very small negative value (like -32). This acts as a flag to tell us we haven't found the very first 1 yet. We loop through the bits of using division by 2. If the current bit is 1, we update our maximum distance found so far. We then reset to 0 to start counting fo